Quick Guide: Special Factors on an IEP

By: Mattelin McReynolds, Advocate

What Are Special Factors?
The Special Factors section of an IEP is a critical, yet often overlooked, part of your child’s plan. This is where the IEP team considers areas that may significantly impact your child’s ability to access learning, participate fully in school, and make progress toward their goals. Addressing these factors ensures that the IEP is truly individualized and tailored to your child’s unique needs.

Key Areas to Consider:

• Behavior
  If your child exhibits behaviors that interfere with learning or safety, the IEP team may consider whether a Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP), goals, accommodations, services or additional supports are needed. This is critical when discussing if your child has a behavior that is impeding their ability to access their education.

• Communication
  For students who struggle to express themselves verbally or understand language, speech or language supports can be essential. The IEP team can identify ways to improve communication skills, which can include speech therapy, language-based accommodations, or augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) tools.

• Assistive Technology (AT)
  Assistive technology isn’t just about high-tech devices it can range from pencil grips and visual schedules to speech-to-text software, audiobooks, or communication devices. AT helps your child access the curriculum, complete assignments, and demonstrate their knowledge in ways that work for them.

• English Language Learners (ELLs)
  If your child is learning English as a second language, they may require supports to access instruction and participate fully. The IEP team should consider language acquisition strategies that align with your child’s academic goals and learning style.

• Visual or Hearing Needs
  Some students require accommodations to support sensory differences, whether it’s for vision or hearing. This could include screen readers, magnification tools, preferential seating, captioning, or other strategies to ensure your child can access instruction effectively.

Why Special Factors Matter:

• They ensure all areas affecting learning are considered, so nothing is overlooked.

• They help create a truly individualized plan that addresses the whole child.

• They support access, participation, and success in school, allowing your child to thrive academically and socially.

Tips for Parents:

• Ask questions during IEP meetings: “What does this factor mean for my child?” or “How will these supports be implemented?”

• Request clear explanations and examples of strategies or services.

• Make sure every relevant area is addressed. Your knowledge of your child’s strengths and challenges is invaluable.

Next Steps:
Understanding Special Factors gives you the tools to advocate effectively and ensures your child’s IEP is comprehensive. If you’d like help reviewing your child’s IEP or understanding how Special Factors apply to their situation.